This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42018085075).Ĭhildren cow-milk fat meta-analysis obesity overweight. Randomized trials are needed to determine which cow-milk fat minimizes risk of excess adiposity. International guidelines that recommend reduced-fat milk for children might not lower the risk of childhood obesity. Dairy products are often considered high in calories and dietary cholesterolbut food and drinks containing dairy are also known to be good sources of calcium, vitamin D, and proteinwhich are highly beneficial and protect against osteoporosis, depression, and more. Observational research suggests that higher cow-milk fat intake is associated with lower childhood adiposity. Among children who consumed whole (3.25% fat) compared with reduced-fat (0.1-2%) milk, the OR of overweight or obesity was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.72 P < 0.0001), but heterogeneity between studies was high (I2 = 73.8%). Meta-analysis included 14 of the 28 studies (n = 20,897) that measured the proportion of children who consumed whole milk compared with reduced-fat milk and direct measures of overweight or obesity. In 18 studies, higher cow-milk fat consumption was associated with lower child adiposity, and 10 studies did not identify an association. Of 5862 reports identified by the search, 28 met the inclusion criteria: 20 were cross-sectional and 8 were prospective cohort. Adiposity was assessed using BMI z-score (zBMI). Cholesterol levels: Whole milk contains more saturated fat, which can raise LDL cholesterol levels (the 'bad' cholesterol) when consumed in excess. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects to evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat and risk of overweight or obesity. Two reviewers extracted data, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. The search included observational and interventional studies of healthy children aged 1-18 y that described the association between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity. To evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity in children aged 1-18 y.Įmbase (Excerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 2019 were used. Evidence Based Is Whole Milk Better Than Low Fat and Skim Milk Recent studies suggest that skim milk might not always be the best health-promoting choice. ![]() Children aged >2 y are recommended to consume reduced-fat (0.1-2%) cow-milk to lower the risk of obesity. The majority of children in North America consume cow-milk daily.
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